Minerals Their Functions, Source, Category and Sings Of Deficiency

A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes. A mineral has one specific chemical composition, whereas a rock can be an aggregate of different minerals or mineraloids. The study of minerals is called mineralogy. In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform functions necessary for life. Minerals originate in the earth and cannot be made by living organisms. Plants get minerals from soil. Most of the minerals in a human diet come from eating plants and animals or from drinking water. As a group, minerals are one of the four groups of essential nutrients, the others of which are vitamins, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. The five major minerals in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium. All of the remaining elements in a human body are called "trace elements". The trace elements that have a specific biochemical function in the human body are sulfur, iron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iodine and selenium.You'll read the rol, sources, deficiency, and the category of Potassium, Chlorine, Sodium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Copper, Iodine, Chromium, Molybdenum, Selenium, Cobalt.

Potassium:

Role: It is essential for intracellular fluid, maintenance of electrical potential of the nervous system and functioning of muscle and nerve tissues.
Sources: Cereals, coffee, fresh fruits, meat, vegetables, whole-grains, flour, Sweet potato, tomato, potato, beans, lentils, dairy products, seafood, banana, prune, carrot, orange.
Deficiency: General muscle paralysis and metabolic disorder, hypokalemia.
Category: A systemic electrolyte and is essential in coregulating ATP with sodium.

Chlorine:

Role: Chlorine play an essential role in the electrical neutrality and pressure of extracellular fluids and in the acid-base balance of the body.
Sources: Table salt (sodium chloride) is the main dietary source. The best source of chlorine is ordinary table salt, but chlorides are also naturally contained in meat, milk, and eggs. Almost all canned foods have salt added during the canning process.

Deficiency: Severe vomiting and diarrhea and in diseases that produce severe alkalosis, an accumulation of base or loss of acid in the body.
Category: Needed for production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and in cellular pump functions.

Sodium:

Role: it is necessary for the control of the volume of extra cellular fluid in the body maintenance of pH of the body, and electrical potentials of the nervous system.
Source: Bakery products, Table salts (sodium chloride, the main source), sea vegetables, milk, and spinach.
Deficiency: Low blood pressure, general muscle weakness, respiratory problems.
Category: A systemic electrolyte and is essential in coregulating ATP with potassium

Calcium:

Role: It is essential constituent of bones and teeth.It is vital for metabolic process such as nerve function, muscle contraction, and blood clotting.
Source: Dairy Products, eggs, canned fish with bones(salmon, sardines), green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, tofu, thyme, oregano, dill, cinnamon.
Deficiency: Osteomalacia (softening of bones), Osteoporosis, Rickets, Tetany
Category: Needed for muscle, heart and digestive system health, builds bone, supports synthesis and function of blood cells.

Phosphorus:

Role: it is important for healthy bone tissues.
Source: Dairy products, fruits, pulses, leafy vegetables, Red meat, fish, poultry, bread, rice, oats. In biological contexts, usually seen as phosphate.
Deficiency: Anaemia, demineralization of bones, nerve disorder, respirator problem, weakness, weight loss.
Category: A component of bones (see apatite), cells, in energy processing, in DNA and ATP (as phosphate) and many other functions

Magnesium:

Role: It is essential for healthy bones; muscles and nervous tissues. It is needed for functioning of approx. 90 enzymes.
Source: Spinach, legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains, peanut butter, avocado.
Deficiency: Anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, muscle problem, nausea, premenstrual problem.

Category: Required for processing ATP and for bones

Iron:

Role: It is the key constituent of haemoglobin which helps in transfer of oxygen.
Source: Eggs, Green Vegetables, Fortified foods, Cereals, White flour, Liver, Meat, Nuts, Peas, seafood, nuts, beans, dark chocolate.
Deficiency: Anaemia, Increased susceptibility to infection.
Category: Required for many proteins and enzymes, notably hemoglobin to prevent anemia

Zinc

Role:
Source: Oysters*, red meat, poultry, nuts, whole grains, dairy products
Deficiency:
Category: Pervasive and required for several enzymes such as carboxypeptidase, liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and carbonic anhydrase

Manganese

Role:
Source: Grains, legumes, seeds, nuts, leafy vegetables, tea, coffee
Deficiency:
Category: A cofactor in enzyme functions.

Copper

Role:
Source: Liver, seafood, oysters, nuts, seeds; some: whole grains, legumes.
Deficiency:
Category: Required component of many redox enzymes, including cytochrome c oxidase

Iodine

Role:
Source: Seaweed (kelp or kombu)*, grains, eggs, iodized salt.
Deficiency:
Category: Required for synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine and to prevent goiter.

Chromium

Role:
Source: Broccoli, grape juice (especially red), meat, whole grain products.
Deficiency:
Category: Involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, although its mechanisms of action in the body and the amounts needed for optimal health are not well-defined.

Molybdenum

Role:
Source: Legumes, whole grains, nuts.
Deficiency:
Category: The oxidases xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and sulfite oxidase.

Selenium

Role:
Source: Brazil nuts, seafoods, organ meats, meats, grains, dairy products, eggs.
Deficiency:
Category: Essential to activity of antioxidantenzymes like glutathione peroxidase.

Cobalt

Role:
Source: Required in the synthesis of vitamin B12, but because bacteria are required to synthesize the vitamin, it is usually considered part of vitamin B12 which comes from eating animals and animal-sourced foods (eggs...)
Deficiency:
Category: